![]() Reducing greenhouse gas emissions represented by CO 2 has become a consensus all over the world (Eggleston et al., 2006 Nordhaus, 1992). In recent decades, the emissions of greenhouse gas result in temperature increase, sea level rise, frequent extreme weather and climate events (Geneva, 2013). ![]() This paper focuses on the scientific function of THMC coupling in the studies of CO 2 injection induced seismicity, so as to provide reference and guidance for the researches on the mechanism analysis and forecasting of such induced seismicity.Ĭlimate change has become a worldwide common challenge. Finally, we analyze the challenges involved in the seismicity forecasting, including the quantification of stress state, the identification and characterization of complex fault system, the seismic mitigation injection scheme design, and reasonable seismic risk analysis model selection. Although physical method overcomes this deficiency, obtaining sufficient modeling input parameters is always an challenging work. ![]() The statistical method is easy to use, but ignores the physical characteristics of the reservoir. We also summarize the advantages and disadvantages of maximum magnitude prediction based on statistical and physical models. Through THMC simulation, we can more accurately characterize the change process of stress field, analyze and speculate the triggering and spatio-temporal evolution of induced earthquakes. Knowledge of THMC coupling is an efficient way to improve the prediction of fault activation and seismic activity and enables characterization of pore pressure perturbation, temperature changes, and stress and geochemical effects. We then discuss the theory and modeling of thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) coupling in CGS-induced seismicity. To promote the solution of these problems, we first review the experience and lessons learned from recent induced seismicity monitored in CO 2 geological storage (CGS) projects, and summarize the mechanisms that can be used to analyze CO 2 injection induced seismicity, including critical pressure theory, Biot's incremental strain theory, rate- and state-dependent frictional theory and fracture potential theory. It is also challenging to determine the triggering mechanism of injection induced seismicity. The most important challenge in this field is fault systems that are difficult to detect and that have complex activation mechanisms, making the evaluation, prediction and control of CO 2 injection induced seismicity extremely difficult. Geological storage is a valuable strategy for reducing CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere, although seismicity induced by CO 2 injection can be a serious hazard that also becomes an obstacle to the development of CO 2 geological storage.
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